What is Kennel Cough?
Known by most as Kennel Cough but also goes by Canine
infectious respiratory disease complex. This is a group of multiple pathogens
which together can cause respiratory disease in dogs. Infection is most
commonly seen in dogs which are exposed to areas with large groups of dogs, commonly
shelters, kennels, groomers, dog shows, and vet clinics. The disease is very
contagious and easily spreads through these areas with lots of dogs. The most
common bacteria that play a role in this complex are parainfluenza virus,
canine adenovirus(CAV-2), Mycoplasma, and Bordetella. The disease can range
from mild clinical signs to severe depending on the bacteria involved and the
dogs immune system.
How is kennel cough spread?
Kennel cough is spread through respiratory secretions and
from objects which have been exposed to these secretions. So that means even if
your dog is never playing with another dog who has the virus, if they sit on
the same table or play with the same toy they can become infected. The
incubation period is 3-7 days which means your dog can be exposed but you don’t
see the signs for up to one week.
What do you see?
The most common sign of kennel cough is coughing. The
clinical signs vary and are usually split between uncomplicated and complicated
cases. Those which are uncomplicated you commonly sick dogs which exhibit a dry
cough and sometimes discharge from the eyes or nose. Some animals which fall
into the complicated category exhibit moist cough with discharge and also
occasionally bronchopneumonia.
Diagnosis
Most cases are diagnosed based on the history of being in an
area with many dogs, ie kennel, dog park, dog show, etc. Clinical signs the dog
is exhibiting are also an important role in diagnosis. In cases which are
complicated sometimes blood work, thoracic x-rays, cytology, or PCR panels to
look for viruses are used.
Treatment
Most cases which are uncomplicated are told to restrict the
dogs exercise mainly then depending on the extent some are prescribed cough
suppressants and occasionally antibiotics if bacteria is suspected. Those cases
which may have more severe effects like bronchopneumonia may need nebulization,
drugs to dilate the airways, antibiotics and restricted exercise. The prognosis
when treated is good to excellent.
Prevention
Vaccination is a good way of avoiding kennel cough or
decreases the likelihood. Bordetella vaccine given through the nose helps to
prevent or decrease clinical signs associated with kennel cough. The
vaccination is mandatory for most boarding facilities as well as many large dog
shows. There is also an injection form of the vaccine as well as one put into
the mouth. Kennel cough can also be prevented by avoiding areas with large
groups of dogs and good sanitation in areas with lots of dogs.
Dr. Natalie Savo
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