Water Intoxication in Dogs: Too Much of a Good Thing
by Dr. Karen Becker
Responsible dog owners understand the importance of making
sure their canine companion always has fresh, clean water to drink. But what a
surprising number of pet owners don't realize is that it's actually possible
for a dog to ingest too much water.
Water intoxication, which results in life-threatening
hyponatremia (excessively low sodium levels), is a relatively rare but
frequently fatal condition in dogs. At
highest risk are dogs that enjoying playing in the water for long stretches.
But believe it or not, even a lawn sprinkler or hose can pose a hazard for pets
that love to snap at or "catch" spraying water.
What Happens When a
Dog Ingests Too Much Water?
Hyponatremia occurs when more water enters the body than it
can process. The presence of so much water dilutes bodily fluids, creating a
potentially dangerous shift in electrolyte balance. The excess water depletes
sodium levels in extracellular fluid (fluid outside of cells). Sodium maintains
blood pressure and nerve and muscle function.
When the sodium concentration in extracellular fluid drops,
the cells start filling with water as the body attempts to balance the sodium
levels inside the cells with falling levels outside the cells. This inflow of
water causes the cells -- including those in the brain -- to swell. The central
nervous system can also be affected.
Symptoms of water intoxication include staggering/loss of
coordination, lethargy, nausea, bloating, vomiting, dilated pupils, glazed
eyes, light gum color, and excessive salivation. In severe cases, there can
also be difficulty breathing, collapse, loss of consciousness, seizures, coma,
and death.
Dogs Most at Risk for
Water Intoxication
Any dog can develop hyponatremia, however, the condition is
most commonly seen in dogs who will stay in the lake, pond or pool all day if
you let them; pets that lap or bite at the water continuously while playing in
it; and dogs that swallow water unintentionally as they dive for a ball or
other toy.
The condition has also been reported in dogs that over-hydrate
during or after exercise, as well as those that enjoy playing with water from a
garden hose or sprinklers.
Water intoxication can affect any size or breed of dog, but
smaller dogs probably show symptoms more quickly because it takes less time for
an excessive amount of water to build up in their bodies.
Water intoxication progresses quickly and can be life
threatening, so if your pet has been playing in water and begins to exhibit any
of the symptoms listed above, it's crucial that you seek immediate veterinary
care to save your dog's life.
Treatment of hyponatremia in dogs typically includes IV
delivery of electrolytes, diuretics, and drugs to reduce brain swelling. With
aggressive veterinary care, some dogs are able to recover from water
intoxication, but sadly, many are not.
Preventing Water Intoxication in Your Dog
If your dog loves the water, make sure you're there to
supervise his activity. If your pet is repetitively retrieving a ball or other
toy from the water, insist on frequent rest breaks. Be especially vigilant on
days when the water is rough.
Observe how your dog interacts with the water. If her mouth
is open a lot -- even if she's holding a ball or stick in it -- understand that
she's likely ingesting a fair amount of water. The same can be true of dogs
that dive to the bottom of a pool to retrieve items.
Familiarize yourself with the symptoms of water intoxication
and monitor your dog's appearance and behavior when she's playing in water.
After a period of hard play or exercise, use caution when
your dog rehydrates. If he immediately laps up the contents of his water bowl,
rest him for a bit before you refill his bowl. If your dog is very active, it's
a good idea to have water with you when he exercises so that you can give him
frequent short water breaks to keep him hydrated.
If your dog enjoys interacting with water from the hose or
sprinkler, you should monitor that activity as well. Water from a hose or
sprinkler is under pressure, and you'd be surprised how much a dog can ingest
in a short amount of time.
A Word About Salt Water Toxicity
Excessive intake of salt water can result in
hypernatremia, or salt poisoning, which
is the opposite of hyponatremia. Initial signs of hypernatremia include
vomiting and diarrhea, but the condition can quickly progress to neurologic
symptoms like loss of coordination, seizures, progressive depression, and
severe brain swelling.
Hypernatremia, like hyponatremia, is potentially life
threatening, and immediate veterinary care is needed.
If you take your dog to the beach, bring along fresh
drinking water and offer it to him at frequent intervals so he won't be tempted
to drink ocean water.
Posted: 08/06/2014 11:13 am EDT Updated: 08/06/2014 11:59 am
EDT
Dr. Karen Becker
is a proactive and integrative wellness veterinarian. You can visit her site
at: MercolaHealthyPets.com
Her goal is to help you create wellness in order to prevent
illness in the lives of your pets. This proactive approach seeks to save you
and your pet from unnecessary stress and suffering by identifying and removing
health obstacles even before disease occurs. Unfortunately, most veterinarians
in the United States are trained to be reactive. They wait for symptoms to
occur, and often treat those symptoms without addressing the root cause.
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